Influence of basin‐based conservation agriculture on selected soil quality parameters under smallholder farming in Zimbabwe

The research was carried out to determine the effect of basin‐based conservation agriculture (CA) on selected soil quality parameters. Paired plots (0.01 ha) of CA and conventional tillage based on the animal‐drawn mouldboard plough (CONV) were established between 2004 and 2007 on farm fields on soils with either low (12–18% – sandy loams and sandy clay loams) or high clay levels (>18–46% – sandy clays and clays) as part of an ongoing project promoting CA in six districts in the smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe. We hypothesized that CA would improve soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density, aggregate stability, soil moisture retention and infiltration rate. Soil samples for SOC and aggregate stability were taken from 0 to 15 cm depth and for bulk density and soil moisture retention from 0 to 5, 5 to 10 and 10 to 15 cm depths in 2011 from maize plots. Larger SOC contents, SOC stocks and improved aggregate stability, decreased bulk density, increased pore volume and moisture retention were observed in CA treatments. Results were consistent with the hypothesis, and we conclude that CA improves soil quality under smallholder farming. Benefits were, however, greater in high clay soils, which is relevant to the targeting of practices on smallholder farming areas of sub‐Saharan Africa.     

深丘山区现代农业发展的探讨

分析深丘山区现代农业发展的困难和瓶颈及优势和潜力,提出深丘山区现代农业发展方向和重点及发展对策和措施.     

加强国家农业重大科技基础设施建设刍议

国家重大科技基础设施是国家为在科学技术前沿取得重大突破、解决经济社会发展和国家安全中的战略性、基础性和前瞻性科技问题而投资建设的科学技术研究设施。加强农业领域国家重大科技基础设施建设,对提升我国农业科技创新能力,强化科技对现代农业的支撑与引领作用等具有战略意义。     

城市农业公园道路的人性化设计

从农业公园和城市公园的内涵和功能着手,通过对比研究二者的区别,对城市农业公园的功能优势和特色进行阐述,揭示其特质属性,肯定城市农业公园未来的发展。针对城市农业公园的特殊性,从道路设计着手,重点研究其服务功能的表达。以城市公园设计标准为基础,将城市农业公园道路划分为主要道路、次要道路、专用道路和游憩道路4类。依据行业经验和人性化设计原则,从道路的布局、圆曲线半径、交叉点形式、道路宽度、无障碍设计、铺装、专用道路设计等方面进行人性化设计研究,以期为城市农业公园的建设和发展提供参考。     

Decreasing of methanogenic activity in paddy fields via lowering ponding water temperature: A modeling investigation

Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas and the huge CH₄ fluxes emitted from paddy fields can prejudice the eco-compatibility of rice cultivation. CH₄ production in submerged rice crops is known to be highly influenced by water temperature. Hence, lowering ponding water temperature (LPWT) could be an option to mitigate CH₄ emissions from paddy environments when it is possible either to irrigate with slightly colder water or to increase ponding water depth. However, paddy soil is a complex environment in which many processes are simultaneously influenced by temperature, leading to a difficult prediction of LPWT effects. For this reason, LPWT efficiency is here theoretically investigated with a one-dimensional process-based model that simulates the vertical and temporal dynamics of water temperature in soil and the fate of chemical compounds that influence CH₄ emissions. The model is validated with literature measured data of CH₄ emissions from a paddy field under time-variable temperature regime. Based on modeling results, LPWT appears promising since the simulated reduction of CH₄ emissions reaches about −12% and −49% for an LPWT equal to −5 °C during the ripening stage only (last 30 days of growing season, when rice is less sensitive to temperature variations) and −2 °C over the whole growing season, respectively. LPWT affects CH₄ emissions either directly (decreasing methanogenic activity), indirectly (decreasing activity of bacteria using alternative electron acceptors), or both. The encouraging results provide the theoretical ground for further laboratory and field studies aimed to investigate the LPWT feasibility in paddy environments.     

城市农业公园的内涵、模式及路径

城市农业公园是一种将城市元素与农业元素有机结合的融入城乡一体化发展理念的集生态、绿色、人文、产业等特征于一体的以农业为主题的城市公园。阐述了城市农业公园的内涵特征及其功能价值和城市农业公园的发展模式及其路径选择，并在此基础上，结合铜仁市的山水自然特征及其农业产业发展特色，从经验借鉴和实践研究层面对铜仁市城市农业公园的发展进行战略思考和总体设计。以铜仁市郊区的和平乡、坝黄镇、挞扒洞村以及松桃正大乡为例对以铜仁市城市农业公园建设为切入点打造铜仁生态旅游城市提出了具体的发展构想。     

农业供给侧改革视角下的休闲农业发展策略研究——以长沙市为例

基于农业供给侧改革视角,阐述了休闲农业的发展是农业供给侧改革的重要举措。并以长沙市的休闲农业为例,分析了其所存在的问题,同时基于农业供给侧改革的背景提出了解决对策。     

日本环境保全型耕地农业系统对中国耕地保护的启示

为解决中国农业长期粗放经营问题,研究中国耕地与生态文明协同保护体系,采用文献研究法和归纳演绎法,分析东亚地区代表国家环境保全型农业下的耕地农业协同体系。研究表明,日本的耕地农业环境保护支付制度、生态补偿市场认证体系、耕地农业法律制度保障,是建立在生态补偿原则上,经过实践检验行之有效的,能够提升市场参与度及农民自主性投入的耕地生态协同保护措施。中国在推广耕地合理利用实践方面做出了不懈努力,但是在建立耕地生态协同保护的休耕制度、因地制宜建立生态补偿体系、加快推进耕地生态协同保护专项基金的设立等方面还需进一步坚持和完善。     

潞城市有机旱作农业发展路径的初步研究

走绿色有机旱作之路是实现农田可持续、保障农产品质量产量的必由之路。近年来，潞城市遵循绿色有机这一发展思路，以封闭示范区带动有机旱作农业发展，农业现代化初见规模。通过调查研究该市有机旱作发展现状，并分析其存在问题并给出相应对策建议，对于有机旱作工作指示以及“长治路径”的打造具有一定参考价值。